Pêche durable | Greenpeace Royaume-Uni

Decades of bad fishing practices have left our oceans in a tragic state. Many species which were once common-place are now threatened, dwindling to the point where there aren’t enough to catch and make a profit. Over 90% of predatory species like cod and tuna have already been caught and, according to the UN, 70% of fisheries are overfished.

Numbers of fish are dropping faster than they can reproduce and this is causing profound changes to life in our oceans. In reality, there aren’t plenty more fish in the sea.

L'industrie de la pêche est devenue de haute technologie et les navires géants utilisent le sonar pour trouver des bancs de poissons avec une précision extrême. D'énormes filets capturent des poissons en grand nombre. Ces navires sont également des usines flottantes, avec des usines de transformation et d'emballage pour gérer plus efficacement leurs prises. Tout cela signifie qu'il est désormais possible de capturer plusieurs fois plus de poissons qu'il n'en reste réellement.

LA SOURCE: https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/

Prises accessoires sélectionnées rejetées par le chalutier hauturier 'Chang Xing' dans les eaux internationales de la mer de Tasman. Greenpeace et plus d'un millier de scientifiques soutiennent l'appel à un moratoire sur le chalutage de fond en haute mer, en raison de la grande quantité de vie marine qui est détruite par cette méthode de pêche.

La surpêche vide les mers

À mesure que les espèces traditionnelles disparaissent, d'autres espèces sont ciblées et même renommées pour les rendre plus attrayantes. Par exemple, la légine de Patagonie a été réinventée en tant que bar chilien au nom plus appétissant. Les flottes s'aventurent également dans des eaux plus lointaines dans le Arctique et Du sud océans pour y ravager les populations de poissons.

Les méthodes de pêche utilisées par ces navires sont souvent très destructrices. Les chaluts de fond et à perche traînent les filets sur le fond marin pour attraper des poissons plats comme le merlu et la sole. Mais ils écrasent aussi tout sur leur passage, détruisant les fragiles récifs coralliens. Et la plupart des méthodes de pêche sont très aveugles, attrapant de nombreuses autres espèces par accident. Ces prises accessoires comprennent des tortues, des requins, des dauphins et d'autres poissons, qui sont souvent rejetés morts ou mourants dans la mer.

There’s a human cost too. Industrial fishing means small-scale fishers using more traditional methods are suffering. In the UK, smaller boats are finding it hard to make enough money and communities in many fishing ports are economically deprived. The number of fishers has also halved in the last 20 years. Elsewhere in the world, people who depend on fish for food and income are seeing their stocks disappear as foreign vessels trawl in their waters.

Quotas de pêche injustes

La façon dont le gouvernement britannique alloue les quotas de pêche joue un grand rôle à cet égard. Les quotas se sont concentrés entre les mains d'un petit nombre d'entreprises de plusieurs millions de livres. Cinq familles seulement contrôlent près d'un tiers des quotas de pêche britanniques et plus des deux tiers des quotas de pêche sont contrôlés par seulement 25 sociétés. Par rapport aux petites exploitations de pêche, ces grandes entreprises emploient moins de personnes, utilisent des méthodes de pêche moins durables et moins d'argent pénètre dans les économies locales.

Notre gouvernement a déjà le pouvoir de changer la façon dont il distribue les quotas. Greenpeace milite pour un système d'allocation plus juste qui favorise une pêche locale et durable qui aidera à créer des emplois et permettra aux stocks de poissons de se reconstituer.

We’re also taking on the corporate giants plundering our oceans. Thai Union, the biggest tuna company in the world and owner of John West, was turning a blind eye to appalling conditions for workers and destructive fishing practices. But then an outcry from thousands of people around the world forced Thai Union to clean up its operations.

Et nous devons créer davantage d'aires protégées en mer. Un réseau de sanctuaires océaniques fournira des refuges aux poissons et autres espèces marines pour se développer loin de la menace des flottes de pêche industrielle. Avec changement climatique créant d'autres menaces pour nos océans, nous devons leur apporter toute l'aide possible.

En images : Pêche durable

An Indonesian crew member displays a turtle caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of longline fishing. Greenpeace are on the Pacific Leg of the 'Defending Our Oceans' global expedition. They are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are destined to be critically over-fished within three years if the relentless fishing of the two Tuna species continues at current rates. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
A Vietnamese crew member releases a shark back into the ocean which was caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. whilst fishing for tuna. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of long-line fishing. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are now drastically low due to pirate fishing and the over fishing of stocks by foreign, industrial nations. Local fishermen struggle to compete in these waters as sophisticated fishing equipment puts them out of business. Greenpeace are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves to tackle the problem of over fishing. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
Selected bycatch discarded from the deep sea trawler 'Chang Xing' in international waters in the Tasman Sea. Greenpeace along with more than a thousand scientists are supporting the call for a moratorium on high seas bottom trawling, because of the vast amount of marine life that is destroyed by this fishing method. © Greenpeace / Roger Grace
Tururuko, head of the local fishermen, directs the crew every day during fishing activities in Pemba, Quirimbas, northern Mozambique. © Francisco Rivotti
A team from the Greenpeace ship MV Esperanza documents discarded bycatch on the deck of a Spanish flagged bottom-trawler, the Ivan Nores, in the Hatton Bank area of the North Atlantic, 410 miles north-west of Ireland. Bottom-trawling boats, the majority from EU countries, drag fishing gear weighing several tonnes across the sea bed, destroying marine wildlife and devastating life on underwater mountains - or 'seamounts'. © Greenpeace / Kate Davison
Schools of fish circle a fish aggregating device (FAD) in the Western Pacific Ocean. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
Shamus Nicholls on his boat "Little Lauren" catching bass with a handliner. He is one of the fishermen that support sustainable fishing in small scale boats. © David Sandison / Greenpeace
Fishermen use pole and line fishing method to catch skipjack tuna. Pole and line fishing is a selective and therefore more sustainable way to catch tuna as only fish of a certain size are caught, leaving juveniles to grow to spawning age and replenish the stock in the future. Small bait fish are thrown over the side of the boat to lure the tuna to the water surface. The fishermen use the acceleration of the fish as they race to get their prey, hook them and fling them onto the ship's flat deck. © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Spanish Albatun Tres is 115 mt long and is the world’s largest tuna purse seiner. Vessels such as this travel from one fish aggregation device (FAD) to another and spread their huge nets to catch everything swimming around the FAD. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
The fishermen pull the skipjack tuna fish onto the boat in Flores sea, East Nusa Tenggara. The fishermen in Larantuka are famous for using sustainable methods, pole and line, on fishing tuna. Pole and line fishing is a traditional method of fishing, unchanged for generations, and often used by local fishers in coastal communities, using live bait, the fishing targets surface schooling skipjack. © Jurnasyanto Sukarno / Greenpeace

LA SOURCE: https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/