Hållbart fiske | Greenpeace Storbritannien

Decades of bad fishing practices have left our oceans in a tragic state. Many species which were once common-place are now threatened, dwindling to the point where there aren’t enough to catch and make a profit. Over 90% of predatory species like cod and tuna have already been caught and, according to the UN, 70% of fisheries are overfished.

Numbers of fish are dropping faster than they can reproduce and this is causing profound changes to life in our oceans. In reality, there aren’t plenty more fish in the sea.

Fiskeindustrin har blivit högteknologisk och gigantiska fartyg använder ekolod för att hitta fiskstim med precision. Enorma nät fångar fisk i stort antal. Dessa fartyg är också flytande fabriker, med bearbetnings- och packningsanläggningar för att hantera sin fångst mer effektivt. Allt detta gör att det nu finns kapacitet att fånga många gånger mer fisk än vad som faktiskt finns kvar.

KÄLLA: https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/

Utvald bifångst som kastas överbord från djuphavstrålaren 'Chang Xing' på internationellt vatten i Tasmansjön. Greenpeace tillsammans med mer än tusen forskare stöder kravet på ett moratorium för bottentrålning på öppet hav, på grund av den enorma mängd marint liv som förstörs av denna fiskemetod.

Överfiske tömmer haven

När traditionella arter försvinner, riktas andra arter mot mål och döps till och med om för att göra dem mer tilltalande. Till exempel återuppfanns den patagoniska tandfisken som den mer aptitretande chilenska havsabborren. Flottor ger sig också ut i mer avlägsna vatten i området Arktis och Sydlig hav för att härja fiskpopulationer där.

Fiskemetoder som används av dessa fartyg är ofta mycket destruktiva. Botten- och bomtrålning drar nät över havsbotten för att fånga platt fisk som kummel och tunga. Men de krossar också allt i deras väg och förstör ömtåliga korallrev. Och de flesta fiskemetoder är mycket urskillningslösa och fångar många andra arter av misstag. Denna bifångst inkluderar sköldpaddor, hajar, delfiner och andra fiskar, som ofta kastas tillbaka döda eller dör i havet.

There’s a human cost too. Industrial fishing means small-scale fishers using more traditional methods are suffering. In the UK, smaller boats are finding it hard to make enough money and communities in many fishing ports are economically deprived. The number of fishers has also halved in the last 20 years. Elsewhere in the world, people who depend on fish for food and income are seeing their stocks disappear as foreign vessels trawl in their waters.

Orättvisa fiskekvoter

Hur den brittiska regeringen fördelar fiskekvoter spelar en stor roll i detta. Kvoter har koncentrerats i händerna på ett litet antal företag med flera miljoner pund. Bara fem familjer kontrollerar nästan en tredjedel av Storbritanniens fiskekvoter och mer än två tredjedelar av fiskekvoterna kontrolleras av bara 25 företag. Jämfört med mindre fiskeverksamheter sysselsätter dessa stora företag färre människor, använder mindre hållbara fiskemetoder och mindre pengar tar sig in i lokala ekonomier.

Vår regering har redan makten att ändra hur den fördelar kvoter. Greenpeace kämpar för ett rättvisare tilldelningssystem som gynnar lokalt, hållbart fiske som kommer att bidra till att skapa jobb och tillåta fiskbestånden att återhämta sig.

We’re also taking on the corporate giants plundering our oceans. Thai Union, the biggest tuna company in the world and owner of John West, was turning a blind eye to appalling conditions for workers and destructive fishing practices. But then an outcry from thousands of people around the world forced Thai Union to clean up its operations.

Och vi behöver skapa fler skyddade områden till havs. Ett nätverk av havsreservat kommer att ge tillflyktsort för fisk och annat marint liv att frodas bort från hotet från industriella fiskeflottor. Med klimatförändring skapar andra hot mot våra hav måste vi ge dem all hjälp vi kan.

På bilder: Hållbart fiske

An Indonesian crew member displays a turtle caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of longline fishing. Greenpeace are on the Pacific Leg of the 'Defending Our Oceans' global expedition. They are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are destined to be critically over-fished within three years if the relentless fishing of the two Tuna species continues at current rates. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
A Vietnamese crew member releases a shark back into the ocean which was caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. whilst fishing for tuna. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of long-line fishing. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are now drastically low due to pirate fishing and the over fishing of stocks by foreign, industrial nations. Local fishermen struggle to compete in these waters as sophisticated fishing equipment puts them out of business. Greenpeace are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves to tackle the problem of over fishing. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
Selected bycatch discarded from the deep sea trawler 'Chang Xing' in international waters in the Tasman Sea. Greenpeace along with more than a thousand scientists are supporting the call for a moratorium on high seas bottom trawling, because of the vast amount of marine life that is destroyed by this fishing method. © Greenpeace / Roger Grace
Tururuko, head of the local fishermen, directs the crew every day during fishing activities in Pemba, Quirimbas, northern Mozambique. © Francisco Rivotti
A team from the Greenpeace ship MV Esperanza documents discarded bycatch on the deck of a Spanish flagged bottom-trawler, the Ivan Nores, in the Hatton Bank area of the North Atlantic, 410 miles north-west of Ireland. Bottom-trawling boats, the majority from EU countries, drag fishing gear weighing several tonnes across the sea bed, destroying marine wildlife and devastating life on underwater mountains - or 'seamounts'. © Greenpeace / Kate Davison
Schools of fish circle a fish aggregating device (FAD) in the Western Pacific Ocean. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
Shamus Nicholls on his boat "Little Lauren" catching bass with a handliner. He is one of the fishermen that support sustainable fishing in small scale boats. © David Sandison / Greenpeace
Fishermen use pole and line fishing method to catch skipjack tuna. Pole and line fishing is a selective and therefore more sustainable way to catch tuna as only fish of a certain size are caught, leaving juveniles to grow to spawning age and replenish the stock in the future. Small bait fish are thrown over the side of the boat to lure the tuna to the water surface. The fishermen use the acceleration of the fish as they race to get their prey, hook them and fling them onto the ship's flat deck. © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Spanish Albatun Tres is 115 mt long and is the world’s largest tuna purse seiner. Vessels such as this travel from one fish aggregation device (FAD) to another and spread their huge nets to catch everything swimming around the FAD. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
The fishermen pull the skipjack tuna fish onto the boat in Flores sea, East Nusa Tenggara. The fishermen in Larantuka are famous for using sustainable methods, pole and line, on fishing tuna. Pole and line fishing is a traditional method of fishing, unchanged for generations, and often used by local fishers in coastal communities, using live bait, the fishing targets surface schooling skipjack. © Jurnasyanto Sukarno / Greenpeace

KÄLLA: https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/