持続可能な漁業 | グリーンピース UK

Decades of bad fishing practices have left our oceans in a tragic state. Many species which were once common-place are now threatened, dwindling to the point where there aren’t enough to catch and make a profit. Over 90% of predatory species like cod and tuna have already been caught and, according to the UN, 70% of fisheries are overfished.

Numbers of fish are dropping faster than they can reproduce and this is causing profound changes to life in our oceans. In reality, there aren’t plenty more fish in the sea.

漁業はハイテク化しており、巨大な船はソナーを使って魚群を正確に探知しています。巨大な網が大量の魚を捕らえます。これらの船は、漁獲物をより効率的に処理するための加工・梱包工場を備えた、海に浮かぶ工場でもあります。つまり、現在では実際に残っている魚の数倍もの魚を捕獲できる能力があるということです。

ソース： https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/

タスマン海の国際水域で、深海トロール船「長興」から投棄された混獲物の一部。グリーンピースは、1,000人以上の科学者とともに、この漁法によって大量の海洋生物が破壊されていることから、公海底トロール漁の一時停止を求める呼びかけを支持している。

乱獲は海を空にする

伝統的な種が姿を消すと、他の種がターゲットにされ、より魅力的にするために名前が変更されることもある。例えば、パタゴニアマグロは、より食欲をそそる名前のチリアンシーバスとして再発明された。船団は、さらに遠くの海域にも進出している。北極そして南方の海洋の魚類の個体数を激減させます。

これらの船が使用する漁法は、非常に破壊的であることが多い。底引き網と横引き網は海底を横切って、メルルーサやヒラメなどの平たい魚を捕獲する。しかし、その航路にあるものはすべて破壊し、脆弱なサンゴ礁を破壊している。また、ほとんどの漁法は非常に無差別で、他の多くの種を偶然捕獲している。この混獲には、カメ、サメ、イルカ、その他の魚が含まれており、これらはしばしば死んだ状態で、または瀕死の状態で海に投げ戻される。

There’s a human cost too. Industrial fishing means small-scale fishers using more traditional methods are suffering. In the UK, smaller boats are finding it hard to make enough money and communities in many fishing ports are economically deprived. The number of fishers has also halved in the last 20 years. Elsewhere in the world, people who depend on fish for food and income are seeing their stocks disappear as foreign vessels trawl in their waters.

不公平な漁獲割当

英国政府の漁獲割当量の割り当て方法が、この問題に大きく影響している。割当量は、数百万ポンド規模の少数の企業に集中している。わずか 5 家族が英国の漁獲割当量のほぼ 3 分の 1 を管理しており、漁獲割当量の 3 分の 2 以上がわずか 25 の企業によって管理されている。小規模な漁業と比較すると、これらの大企業は雇用する人員が少なく、持続可能な漁法を採用していないため、地元経済に流れ込むお金も少ない。

わが国政府はすでに漁獲割当量配分方法を変更する権限を持っています。グリーンピースは、雇用創出と魚類資源の回復につながる、地元での持続可能な漁業を優先する、より公平な配分システムを求めて運動しています。

We’re also taking on the corporate giants plundering our oceans. Thai Union, the biggest tuna company in the world and owner of John West, was turning a blind eye to appalling conditions for workers and destructive fishing practices. But then an outcry from thousands of people around the world forced Thai Union to clean up its operations.

そして、海にもっと保護区を作る必要があります。海洋保護区魚やその他の海洋生物が産業漁船の脅威から逃れて繁栄するための避難所を提供します。気候変動私たちの海に新たな脅威をもたらしている海洋生物に対して、私たちはできる限りの支援をする必要があります。

写真で見る持続可能な漁業

An Indonesian crew member displays a turtle caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of longline fishing. Greenpeace are on the Pacific Leg of the 'Defending Our Oceans' global expedition. They are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are destined to be critically over-fished within three years if the relentless fishing of the two Tuna species continues at current rates. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
Striped dolphin caught in a French driftnet off the Azores, North Atlantic. © Greenpeace / Peter Rowlands
French artisanal fisherwoman catches a hake with a landing net. © Lagazeta / Greenpeace
A Vietnamese crew member releases a shark back into the ocean which was caught on the end of a bait line of a Korean longliner, the 'Shin Yung 51'. whilst fishing for tuna. The location is within the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Kiribati. Sharks, turtles, dolphins and albatrosses can often end up as unfortunate by-catch of long-line fishing. Yellow Fin and Big Eye tuna stocks in the Central and Western Pacific are now drastically low due to pirate fishing and the over fishing of stocks by foreign, industrial nations. Local fishermen struggle to compete in these waters as sophisticated fishing equipment puts them out of business. Greenpeace are calling for an immediate end to pirate fishing, a 50% reduction in the amount of Pacific tuna caught, and a global network of Marine Reserves to tackle the problem of over fishing. © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
Selected bycatch discarded from the deep sea trawler 'Chang Xing' in international waters in the Tasman Sea. Greenpeace along with more than a thousand scientists are supporting the call for a moratorium on high seas bottom trawling, because of the vast amount of marine life that is destroyed by this fishing method. © Greenpeace / Roger Grace
Tururuko, head of the local fishermen, directs the crew every day during fishing activities in Pemba, Quirimbas, northern Mozambique. © Francisco Rivotti
A team from the Greenpeace ship MV Esperanza documents discarded bycatch on the deck of a Spanish flagged bottom-trawler, the Ivan Nores, in the Hatton Bank area of the North Atlantic, 410 miles north-west of Ireland. Bottom-trawling boats, the majority from EU countries, drag fishing gear weighing several tonnes across the sea bed, destroying marine wildlife and devastating life on underwater mountains - or 'seamounts'. © Greenpeace / Kate Davison
Schools of fish circle a fish aggregating device (FAD) in the Western Pacific Ocean. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
Shamus Nicholls on his boat "Little Lauren" catching bass with a handliner. He is one of the fishermen that support sustainable fishing in small scale boats. © David Sandison / Greenpeace
Fishermen use pole and line fishing method to catch skipjack tuna. Pole and line fishing is a selective and therefore more sustainable way to catch tuna as only fish of a certain size are caught, leaving juveniles to grow to spawning age and replenish the stock in the future. Small bait fish are thrown over the side of the boat to lure the tuna to the water surface. The fishermen use the acceleration of the fish as they race to get their prey, hook them and fling them onto the ship's flat deck. © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Spanish Albatun Tres is 115 mt long and is the world’s largest tuna purse seiner. Vessels such as this travel from one fish aggregation device (FAD) to another and spread their huge nets to catch everything swimming around the FAD. Around 10% of the catch generated by purse seine FAD fisheries is unwanted bycatch and includes endangered species of sharks and turtles. The catch of large amounts of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas in these fisheries is now threatening the survival of these commercially valuable species. Greenpeace is calling for a total ban on the use of fish aggregation devices in purse seining and the establishment of a global network of marine reserves. © Paul Hilton / Greenpeace
The fishermen pull the skipjack tuna fish onto the boat in Flores sea, East Nusa Tenggara. The fishermen in Larantuka are famous for using sustainable methods, pole and line, on fishing tuna. Pole and line fishing is a traditional method of fishing, unchanged for generations, and often used by local fishers in coastal communities, using live bait, the fishing targets surface schooling skipjack. © Jurnasyanto Sukarno / Greenpeace

ソース： https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/sustainable-fishing/

大手ブランドが大手石油会社をあなたのキッチンに招き入れる方法

Washington, DC – A report released by Greenpeace USA reveals how consumer goods companies like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestlé are driving the expansion of plastic production and threatening both the global climate and communities around the world. The report, The Climate Emergency Unpacked: How Consumer Goods Companies are Fueling Big Oil’s Plastic Expansion, exposes the business links between the world’s largest brands and fossil fuel companies, and the overall lack of transparency around emissions from plastic packaging.“The same well-known brands that are driving the plastic pollution crisis are helping to fuel the climate crisis,” said Greenpeace USA Global Plastics Project Leader Graham Forbes. “Despite their best efforts to appear climate friendly, companies like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestlé are working alongside the fossil fuel industry to expand plastic production, which could lock the world into catastrophic emissions levels and a planet warmed beyond saving.”While the plastics supply chain is largely opaque, the report identified relationships between the nine major consumer goods companies researched, and at least one major fossil fuel and/or petrochemical company. According to the report, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Nestlé, Mondelēz, Danone, Unilever, Colgate Palmolive, Procter & Gamble and Mars all buy packaging from manufacturers supplied with plastic resin or petrochemicals by well-known companies like ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron Phillips, Ineos and Dow. Without transparency around these relationships, consumer goods companies are largely able to avoid accountability for environmental or human rights violations committed by the companies that supply plastic for their packaging.The report states that consumer goods companies have also partnered with fossil fuel companies for decades to 失敗にもかかわらずプラスチックリサイクルを推進する. It elaborates on how these industries have worked together to oppose legislation that would restrict single-use packaging and have advocated for so-called “chemical or advanced recycling” projects. The report also finds that the fossil fuel and consumer goods industries often work through front groups that advocate for these false solutions, including the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, the Recycling Partnership and the American Chemistry Council.“It is clear that many consumer goods companies want to hide their cosy relationships with fossil fuel and petrochemical companies, but this report reveals the extent to which they are working toward common goals that pollute the planet and harm communities worldwide,” said Forbes. “If these companies truly cared about the environment, they would end these alliances and move away from single-use plastics immediately.”Without urgent action, plastic production could triple by 2050, according to industry estimates. According to 国際環境法センター（CIEL）による推定この予測される成長により、2030年までにプラスチックのライフサイクルからの世界の排出量は2019年レベルから50%以上増加し、これは石炭火力発電所約300基分に相当する。これは、気候変動に関する政府間パネルは警告している human caused emissions must fall by nearly 50% to limit warming to 1.5℃. Greenpeace is calling on consumer goods companies to urgently move toward systems of reuse and package-free products. Companies must phase out all single-use plastics and be more transparent about their plastic footprint, including the climate footprint of their packaging. Companies are urged to support an ambitious global plastics treaty that addresses the entire lifecycle of plastic and emphasises reduction.

グリーンピース - プラスチックとの戦いに参加しよう

ノート：
で英国のチャンネル4ニュースで最近放送されたニュース, an Exxon lobbyist is recorded stating that “every aspect of plastics is a huge business,” noting that it is “going to grow.” The lobbyist also calls plastics “the future” at a time when communities around the world are fighting back against single-use plastic pollution and demanding reductions in its use. He goes on to state that the strategy is to say, “you can’t ban plastics, because here’s why,” comparing this to tactics used to undermine action on climate change.出典：グリーンピース・インターナショナル - https://www.greenpeace.org/malaysia/press/49142/how-major-brands-are-inviting-big-oil-into-your-kitchen/接触:
Capucine Dayen、GPUSグローバルコミュニケーションズリーダー、メールアドレス: +33647971819

グリーンピース・インターナショナルプレスデスク（24時間対応）お問い合わせ, +31 (0)20 718 2470

フォローする @グリーンピースプレス最新の国際プレスリリースについては、Twitter をご覧ください。

地中海の海洋生物が脅威にさらされている

地中海の海洋生物が脅威にさらされている：WWFの報告書は、気候危機によって海の下に生じた6つの環境的傷跡を浮き彫りにしている

WWFの報告書は、気候危機によって海底に生じた6つの環境的傷跡を浮き彫りにしている

最近、スペイン、イタリア、地中海盆地の他の地域での死亡率の急激な上昇により、80～100%のイガイの個体群が失われたと推定されており、また、1回の嵐によって30%の赤サンゴが破壊されました。

Mediterranean tropicalization is rampant, with temperatures rising 20% faster than the global average, fish migrating, invasive species appearing while native species disappear, marine angiosperm sea meadows and coral reefs being destroyed, and jellyfish populations spreading. The above consequences of the climate crisis on the Mediterranean are revealed in a recent World Wildlife Fund report titled “The Climate Change Effect in the Mediterranean: Six Stories from an Overheating Sea.” The report further expounds the six following primary effects of climate change on the Mediterranean:

The increased water temperature creates “tropical” conditions; the result being that native species are either displaced or die out.

地中海には約 1,000 種の新しい外来種 (うち 126 種は魚類) が流入し、在来種の個体数の減少を引き起こしています。イスラエル海域では在来軟体動物の個体数が約 90% 減少しましたが、トルコでは、ダスキースパインフットフィッシュなどの外来種が漁獲量の 80% を占めています。同時に、バラクーダやダスキーハタなどのさらに南の種が、北イタリアのリグーリア沖で見られるようになりました。

クラゲの個体数は、特に南部地域で著しく増加しており、個体数の爆発的増加がますます頻繁かつ長期にわたって発生しています。長期にわたる乱獲により、以前はクラゲと食料をめぐって競争していた魚種の個体数が激減し、今日では一部の漁師は魚よりもクラゲを多く捕獲しています。

Neptune grass meadows are threatened by increasingly warm waters and a rising sea level, which has had a devastating impact on both biodiversity and “blue carbon” storage – meaning the marine plants that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It is estimated that Neptune grass meadows store 11-42% of the Mediterranean region’s CO2 emissions.

2018年10月のたった1回の嵐で、リグリア海のウミウチワ類で構成される赤サンゴの約30%が破壊されました。さらに、複雑な地中海の生態系に貢献している他の多くの種類のサンゴも、異常気象によって破壊される頻度が高まっています。

死亡率の上昇により、スペイン、イタリア、その他の地域では最近、推定 80 ～ 100% のイガイの個体群が失われたと推定されています。この二枚貝は地中海最大の固有種で、146 種の他の小型種に隠れ家を提供しています。

WWFの報告書は、一方では気候変動の影響、他方では乱獲、汚染、沿岸開発、航海などによる海洋生物への人間による直接的な圧力によって引き起こされる影響との間の危険な関係を指摘している。

A crucial measure that is necessary to halt our negative impact on the sea is the creation and effective management of marine protected areas (MPAs). Today, such areas cover a mere 9.68% of the Mediterranean, of which only 1.27% is substantially regulated. Recently, research by the WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative noted that 30% of the Mediterranean would have to be protected in order to begin restoring the ecosystems, allow fish populations to recover, mitigate the effects of climate change, and ensure sustainable fishing and tourism as well as food security and prosperity for local communities. Panagiota Maragou, conservation director at WWF Greece, noted, “We are aiming at protecting 30% of the Mediterranean with effective management measures in order to reduce the pressure on ecosystems and help them become resistant to the climate crisis, while also rethinking the way in which we use natural resources.”

Google が持続可能な旅行をより簡単に選択できるツールを発表

投稿者リー・ヘイハーストの上 2021年10月6日 13:14

Google は、ユーザーがより持続可能な選択肢を選べるよう設計されたマップと旅行検索プラットフォームのアップデートを公開しました。

今週から、Google フライトに炭素排出量の情報が追加され、航空機の各フライトと座席に関連する CO2 を確認できるようになりました。

The search giant’s Hotel Search will also make information clearly available on the sustainability efforts by operators in areas like waste management, water conservation and accreditations.

さらに、Google はマップ上で環境に優しい経路案内オプションの展開を開始し、気候変動について質問する人向けに再設計されたコンテンツ豊富な結果ページを公開しました。

本日発表された新機能は、Google がハリー王子が立ち上げた持続可能な旅行イニシアチブである Travalyst の最新の企業支援者になった後に発表されたものです。

グーグルの親会社アルファベットの最高経営責任者サンダー・ピチャイ氏は、同社は10億人の人々がより持続可能な選択を行えるよう支援することに尽力していると語った。

“Our goal is to make the sustainable choice the easier choice,” he said. “Individually they might be small, but multiply them together across our projects and that equals big transformations for the planet. There’s no time to waste, so let’s get started.”

Stephanie Horton, Google’s global consumer marketing director, said searches for eco-hotels has doubled as people start to travel again after the COVID pandemic.

“Promoting more sustainable travel is not something we can do alone, that’s why we joined Travalyst to bring standardisation across the industry.

“That will make sure that wherever you are booking your travel you have reliable information and help you make a sustainable decision.”

Pichai added: “Climate change is no longer a distant threat — it’s increasingly local and personal.

“Around the world, wildfires, flooding and other extreme weather continue to affect our health, our economies and our future together on our planet.

“We need urgent and meaningful solutions to address this pressing challenge. That’s why last year we 大胆な行動にコミットする 2030年までにデータセンターとキャンパスを24時間365日、カーボンフリーのエネルギーで稼働させる予定です。

“Companies aren’t the only ones asking what more we can do to help the planet – increasingly people are asking themselves those questions, too.

“So today we’re sharing several new ways people can use Google’s products to make sustainable choices.”

Google はまた、信号機をより効率的に運用するための AI プロジェクトで都市と連携しており、住宅所有者がより持続可能な方法で住宅を暖房できるようにするための Nest Renew を立ち上げました。

It has also pledged to run the cleanest cloud computing platform on the planet and is working with industry giants like Salesforce, Whirlpool, Etsy, HSBC, and Unilever on their sustainability challenges.

出典: https://travolution.com/news/google-launches-tools-to-make-the-sustainable-travel-option-the-easier-choice

Google は人々が持続可能な選択を行えるよう支援するさらなる方法を発表

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